The new Syrian ruler, Ahmad Al-Sharaa, faces the challenge of preventing the overthrow of his regime and unifying the country. He has reassured the Alawites and other minorities, but there are forces working against him, including those who lost power and regional regimes that suffered from Assad's downfall. The new regime must not be dragged into the same sectarian and violent tactics as the previous regime. Al-Sharaa must also navigate the complex geopolitical realities, understanding Israel's intentions and expectations. Domestically, he must balance the demands for exclusion and sectarian revenge with the need for unity and restraint. The success of Al-Sharaa's regime will depend on his leadership and ability to shorten the timescale and reduce losses.