After the attack on Hezbollah beepers in Lebanon, concerns grow over the group's potential cyber capabilities against Israel. Hezbollah's leader, Hassan Nasrallah, vowed to avenge the attack. So far, Hezbollah has responded with a massive rocket barrage on northern Israel over the weekend. However, the Iranian-backed group is also believed to have cyber capabilities that could be used in retaliation. No country is immune to such an event. Israel closely monitors its supply chains, ensuring that devices are thoroughly vetted before entering the country. Hezbollah is considered one of Israel's most formidable enemies, with precision-guided missiles, well-trained troops, and cyber capabilities built over two decades. Experts say Hezbollah and Iran are also involved in global drug trafficking, using those funds to finance constant upgrades to their cyber capabilities. This infrastructure gives Hezbollah the potential to conduct attacks similar to last week's pager explosions. In cyberwarfare, there is less meaning to the number of people or assault weapons each side has. Since the war began in October last year, cyber incidents have sharply increased. According to the 2023 National Cyber Directorate report, cyberattacks shifted from data leaks and influence campaigns to causing disruption and damage. Reliance on smartphones and online infrastructure leaves both individuals and major systems vulnerable to such attacks. According to Pinko, both Hezbollah and Hamas have defensive and offensive cyber capabilities bolstered by Iran and China. For years, Israel and Iran have fought a shadow war. Neither side is immune to cyberattacks or operations like last week's pager offensive in Lebanon, and both are racing to prevent attacks while targeting each other.