U.S. intelligence agencies believe Russia could provide targeting information to Houthi rebels in Yemen, but have no evidence that Moscow has done so. Russia has already provided small arms and limited assistance to the Houthis, and there are reports that an arms dealer is negotiating to sell them advanced missiles. The U.S. has conducted retaliatory strikes against the Houthis, but they continue to disrupt global shipping in the Red Sea. Russia's cooperation with the Houthis could make them even more potent, and Iran is unlikely to object as it has been assisting Russia in the war in Ukraine. American officials hope to deter Russia from assisting the Houthis by exposing their covert assistance.