The fall of the Assad regime in Syria has major implications for the region, potentially leading to new terrorism. Assad's survival was due to state brutality, support from Iran and Hezbollah, and Russian military aid. However, Moscow is occupied with Ukraine, and Iran and Hezbollah are exhausted from their conflict with Israel. The Iranian regime's investment in Assad has been disrupted, benefiting Israel's security and weakening the Ayatollahs' resistance image. Turkey may have supported the rebels to address its own interests, including the return of Syrian refugees and countering the Kurdish militia.