Dietrich Bonhoeffer was a Lutheran pastor and theologian from Germany executed by the Nazis in 1945 for his role in a resistance movement against Adolf Hitler. He opposed Nazi efforts to coopt the Protestant church and led an unofficial seminary. Bonhoeffer was involved in efforts to build church unity and joined a conspiracy to overthrow Hitler. He has been widely honored as a martyr to the cause of anti-Nazi resistance, but some scholars question the extent of the honors. Yad Vashem, the Holocaust remembrance center, declined to include Bonhoeffer among its Righteous Among the Nations.