The Biden administration has introduced new export rules for advanced computer chips used in artificial intelligence, aiming to balance national security and economic interests. The framework restricts chip access for around 120 countries, drawing criticism from industry executives who are concerned about potential supply chain disruptions and harm to US competitiveness. The rules aim to keep cutting-edge AI development within the US and with close allies, but industry groups argue that they could cede strategic markets to competitors. Roughly 20 allies will face no restrictions, while other countries will have import caps and some institutions can apply for permission to purchase a limited number of units.