Chinese astronauts aboard the Tiangong space station have successfully conducted experiments on artificial photosynthesis, converting carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and ethylene. This technology mimics the natural process of plants and offers a more efficient alternative to traditional methods. The experiments validated critical technological processes and demonstrated the potential to generate a wide range of substances, including methane and formic acid. This advancement in artificial photosynthesis could support long-term human presence in space and facilitate permanent lunar bases and prolonged human presence on Mars.