The arrest of the leader of the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army may have ignited a new wave of radicalization among the Rohingya, a persecuted Muslim minority in Myanmar. As hope dwindles and conditions worsen, extremist groups are poised to exploit the despair and fill the void left by a fractured resistance. The history of Rohingya militancy suggests that desperation could fuel a violent resurgence, with transnational actors potentially stepping in to capitalize on the chaos. The Rohingya's turn to militancy is not inevitable, but the conditions are aligning ominously, and urgent action is needed to restore hope and prevent further escalation.